A dataset was produced for 117 urban trees in four monospecific tree rows in the city of Rennes, northwestern France. The trees were measured in nine 2- to 3-day measurement sessions from Apr-Sep 2021. The dataset includes (i) leaf traits (i.e., contents of pigments, water and dry matter) measured in situ and in the laboratory; (ii) plant area density measured in situ under the canopy and (iii) georeferenced data that describe the location, geometry and species of the trees. The dataset provides an original overview of dynamics of the contents of pigments, water and dry matter and plant area density for four tree species grown under urban conditions. It can be used for several purposes, such as identifying trees’ responses/behaviors in relation to their urban environment or climate conditions.