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                <term xml:lang="en">Risk factors</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Chronic kidney disease</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Uremic toxins</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Maladie rénale chronique</term>
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              <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and silent chronic disease. It is associated with various complications, including cardiovascular, hematological, neurological and skeletal complications, and high morbidity and mortality rate. Traditional risk factors alone do not explain this excess risk, leaving room for specific risk factors related to CKD. Indeed, during CKD, the decrease in glomerular filtration capacity induces the retention of many metabolites. These solutes accumulating in the body and are called “uremic toxins”. Uremic toxins exert their biological actions via the induction of an inflammatory state and an oxidative stress affecting different cell types, leading to harmful effects in different systems. In this general review we will present (i) the definition and classification of uremic toxins, (ii) the relationship between CKD complications and uremic toxins by taking some examples and (iii) potential therapeutic avenues to reduce their accumulation in the body and limit thus their adverse effects on the various body systems in patients with CKD.</p>
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              <p>La maladie rénale chronique (MRC) est une affection progressive et silencieuse. Elle s’accompagne de nombreuses complications, notamment cardiovasculaires, hématologiques, neurologiques et osseuses et d’une morbi-mortalité élevée. Les facteurs de risques traditionnels n’expliquent pas à eux seuls ce sur-risque, laissant la place à des facteurs de risques spécifiques liés à la MRC. En effet, au cours de la MRC, la diminution du débit de filtration glomérulaire induit la rétention de nombreux métabolites. Ces solutés s’accumulant dans l’organisme prennent alors le nom de « toxines urémiques ». Les toxines urémiques exercent leurs actions biologiques via l’induction d’un état inflammatoire et d’un stress oxydatif intéressant différents types cellulaires, entraînant des effets néfastes dans différents appareils. Cette revue générale a pour objet (i) la définition et la classification des toxines urémiques, (ii) la relation entre complications de la MRC et toxines urémiques en prenant quelques exemples et (iii) des pistes thérapeutiques potentielles pour réduire leur accumulation dans l’organisme et limiter ainsi leurs effets néfastes sur les différents systèmes de l’organisme chez les patients souffrant d’une MRC.</p>
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