BACKGROUND: Offspring of the parents with mental disorders are at higher risk to have the mental diseases throughout the world. This study examined the association between psychopathology of parents and the mental health of their offspring in Neuropsychiatric Hospital of Rwanda, Butare Branch. METHODS: A cross-sectional study made up of case and control offspring was conducted on the case group made up of 80 offspring born to parents with mental diseases and a control group of 80 offspring from parents without mental disease. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD, α\,=\,0.82), Posttraumatic stress disorders scale (PTSD, α\,=\,0.73) and the Test of Psychological Problems (TPP, α\,=\,0.93) were used. STATISTICA version 8 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results indicated a significance difference between the two groups on depressive symptoms, psychological problems and PTSD symptomatology. The case group seemed to experience high level symptoms than the control group. Results indicated that, among the offspring born to parents with mental disease, there was a significant correlation between anxiety and depression symptoms (r\,=\,0.71, p\,<\,.001), PTSD and eating disorder (r\,=\,0.75, p\,<\,.001), domestic violence and PTSD (r\,=\,0.78, p\,<\,.001), aggressive behavior and PTSD (r\,=\,0.79, p\,<\,.001), somatoform disorders and PTSD (r\,=\,0.98, p\,<\,.001). No significant association between the low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, mental disorders induced drug abuse and PTSD was found. CONCLUSION: Offspring of the parents with mental disorders had higher risk to develop mental diseases than the offspring born to the parents without mental diseases. Taking into account the assessment of parents' mental illness when taking care of the offspring's psychological disorders is needed in the neuropsychiatric hospital.