The chaos in the natural Syria region seems increasing. The factors of economic and social deterioration are various. “What brought on my people this woe?” the answer to this existential question posed by Antoun Saadeh in 1961? wasn’t just for scientific knowledge, the answer was in order to discover the effective way to remove the causes of woe. After a regular preliminary study, he decided that the loss of national sovereignty was the primary cause of what had befallen his nation and what befell it. This was the beginning of the era of the study of the national issue, the question of groups in general, and social rights and how they emerged. Therefore, an original economical approach was indispensable to be developed, a social-nationalist economy. This national economy is based on production, a spiritual-material production, where the distribution of its profits is relative to the contribution of its producers. On this paper we present the theoretical economical conception of the Lebanese politician and social scholar Antoun Saadeh (1904 – 1949), and we discuss its originality and fundamental elements.