Check Alternating Patterns: A Physical Zero-Knowledge Proof for Moon-or-Sun - Université de Picardie Jules Verne Accéder directement au contenu
Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2023

Check Alternating Patterns: A Physical Zero-Knowledge Proof for Moon-or-Sun

Résumé

A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) allows a party to prove to another party that it knows some secret, such as the solution to a difficult puzzle, without revealing any information about it. We propose a physical zero-knowledge proof using only a deck of playing cards for solutions to a pencil puzzle called Moon-or-Sun. In this puzzle, one is given a grid of cells on which rooms, marked by thick black lines surrounding a connected set of cells, may contain a number of cells with a moon or a sun symbol. The goal is to find a loop passing through all rooms exactly once, and in each room either passes through all cells with a moon, or all cells with a sun symbol. Finally, whenever the loop passes from one room to another, it must go through all cells with a moon if in the previous room it passed through all cells with a sun, and visa-versa. This last rule constitutes the main challenge for finding a physical zero-knowledge proof for this puzzle, as this must be verified without giving away through which borders the loop enters or leaves a given room. We design a card-based zero-knowledge proof of knowledge protocol for Moon-or-Sun solutions, together with an analysis of their properties. Our technique of verifying the alternation of a pattern along a non-disclosed path might be of independent interest for similar puzzles.
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Dates et versions

hal-04403702 , version 1 (18-01-2024)

Identifiants

Citer

Samuel Hand, Alexander Koch, Pascal Lafourcade, Daiki Miyahara, Léo Robert. Check Alternating Patterns: A Physical Zero-Knowledge Proof for Moon-or-Sun. International Workshop on Security, Aug 2023, Yokohama, France. pp.255-272, ⟨10.1007/978-3-031-41326-1_14⟩. ⟨hal-04403702⟩
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