Diversity and distribution of Raunkiær's life forms in European vegetation
Gabriele Midolo
(1)
,
Irena Axmanová
(1)
,
Jan Divíšek
(1)
,
Pavel Dřevojan
(2)
,
Zdeňka Lososová
(1)
,
Martin Večeřa
(1)
,
Dirk Nikolaus Karger
(3)
,
Wilfried Thuiller
(4)
,
Helge Bruelheide
(5)
,
Svetlana Aćić
(6)
,
Fabio Attorre
(7)
,
Idoia Biurrun
(8)
,
Steffen Boch
(3)
,
Gianmaria Bonari
,
Andraž Čarni
(9)
,
Alessandro Chiarucci
(10)
,
Renata Ćušterevska
(11)
,
Jürgen Dengler
(12, 13, 14)
,
Tetiana Dziuba
,
Emmanuel Garbolino
(15)
,
Ute Jandt
,
Jonathan Lenoir
(16)
,
Corrado Marcenò
,
Solvita Rūsiņa
,
Jozef Šibík
,
Željko Škvorc
,
Zvjezdana Stančić
,
Milica Stanišić-Vujačić
,
Jens‐christian Svenning
,
Grzegorz Swacha
,
Kiril Vassilev
,
Milan Chytrý
1
MUNI -
Masaryk University [Brno]
2 SCI / MUNI - Department of Botany and Zoology [Brno]
3 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
4 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
5 MLU - Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg
6 Department of Agrobotany, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
7 UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]
8 UPV / EHU - University of the Basque Country = Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
9 NIB - National Institute of Biology [Ljubljana]
10 UNIBO - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna
11 UKIM - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
12 ZHAW - Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften = Zurich University of Applied Sciences
13 University of Bayreuth
14 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
15 CRC - Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises
16 EDYSAN - Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 UPJV
2 SCI / MUNI - Department of Botany and Zoology [Brno]
3 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
4 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
5 MLU - Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg
6 Department of Agrobotany, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
7 UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]
8 UPV / EHU - University of the Basque Country = Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
9 NIB - National Institute of Biology [Ljubljana]
10 UNIBO - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna
11 UKIM - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
12 ZHAW - Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften = Zurich University of Applied Sciences
13 University of Bayreuth
14 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
15 CRC - Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises
16 EDYSAN - Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 UPJV
Gabriele Midolo
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1230512
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1316-2546
Irena Axmanová
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 793605
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9440-7976
Zdeňka Lososová
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 799419
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9152-7462
Martin Večeřa
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 798240
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8507-791X
Helge Bruelheide
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 774759
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3135-0356
Idoia Biurrun
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 793917
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1454-0433
Steffen Boch
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 793601
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2814-5343
Gianmaria Bonari
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 804536
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5574-6067
Andraž Čarni
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792199
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8909-4298
Alessandro Chiarucci
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 793602
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1160-235X
- IdRef : 11549619X
Tetiana Dziuba
- Fonction : Auteur
Ute Jandt
- Fonction : Auteur
Jonathan Lenoir
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 179144
- IdHAL : jonathan-lenoir
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0638-9582
- IdRef : 179776363
Corrado Marcenò
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 795112
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4361-5200
Solvita Rūsiņa
- Fonction : Auteur
Jozef Šibík
- Fonction : Auteur
Željko Škvorc
- Fonction : Auteur
Zvjezdana Stančić
- Fonction : Auteur
Milica Stanišić-Vujačić
- Fonction : Auteur
Jens‐christian Svenning
- Fonction : Auteur
Grzegorz Swacha
- Fonction : Auteur
Kiril Vassilev
- Fonction : Auteur
Milan Chytrý
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 775220
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8122-3075
- IdRef : 07996477X
Résumé
Aims The Raunkiær's system classifies vascular plants into life forms based on the position of renewal buds during periods unfavourable for plant growth. Despite the importance of Raunkiær's system for ecological research, a study exploring the diversity and distribution of life forms on a continental scale is missing. We aim to (i) map the diversity and distribution of life forms in European vegetation and (ii) test for effects of bioclimatic variables while controlling for habitat‐specific responses. Location Europe. Methods We used data on life forms of 8883 species recorded in 546,501 vegetation plots of different habitats (forest, grassland, scrub and wetland). For each plot, we calculated: (i) the proportion of species of each life form and (ii) the richness and evenness of life forms. We mapped these plot‐level metrics averaged across 50 km × 50 km grid cells and modelled their response to bioclimatic variables. Results Hemicryptophytes were the most widespread life form, especially in the temperate zone of Central Europe. Conversely, therophyte and chamaephyte species were more common in the Mediterranean as well as in the dry temperate regions. Moreover, chamaephytes were also more common in the boreal and arctic zones. Higher proportions of phanerophytes were found in the Mediterranean. Overall, a higher richness of life forms was found at lower latitudes while evenness showed more spatially heterogeneous patterns. Habitat type was the main discriminator for most of the responses analysed, but several moisture‐related predictors still showed a marked effect on the diversity of therophytes and chamaephytes. Conclusions Our maps can be used as a tool for future biogeographic and macro‐ecological research at a continental scale. Habitat type and bioclimatic conditions are key for regulating the diversity and distribution of plant life forms, with concomitant consequences for the response of functional diversity in European vegetation to global environmental changes.