Millimeter Wave FMCW RADARs for Perception, Recognition and Localization in Automotive Applications: A Survey
Résumé
MmWave (millimeter wave) Frequency Modulated Continuous Waves (FMCW)
RADARs are sensors based on frequency-modulated electromagnetic which
see their environment in 3D at a long-range. The recent introduction of
millimeter-wave RADARs with frequencies from 60 GHz to 300 GHz has
broadened their potential applications thanks to their improved accuracy
in angle, range, and velocity. MmWave FMCW RADARs have better resolution
and accuracy than narrowband and ultra-wideband (UWB) RADARs. In
comparison with cameras and LiDARs, they possess several strong
advantages such as long-range perception, robustness to lightning, and
weather conditions while being cheaper. However, their noisy and
lower-density outputs even compared to other technologies of RADARs, and
their ability to measure the targets' velocities require specific
algorithms tailored for them. Working principles of mmWave FMCW RADARs
are presented as well as the separate ways to represent data and their
applications. This paper describes algorithms and applications adapted
or developed for these sensors in automotive applications. Finally,
current challenges and directions for future works are presented.